Bài 1–2; hệ thời để kể bằng chứng, linking devices và participle clauses lớp 11. Bài này chỉ mở rộng sentence types, chưa mở reported directives hoặc relative which cho cả mệnh đề.
ƯỚC MƠ LỚNENGLISH EVERY DAY
Trang chủBuild a STAR, not a superhero
Dựng minh chứng STAR, đừng dựng siêu nhân
Nam kể mình ‘lãnh đạo tuyệt vời, sáng tạo vô hạn, xử lí mọi thứ’. Nhóm hỏi ai làm phần còn lại; siêu nhân trong CV xin đổi sang làm thành viên.
“My CV said I did everything; my team politely asked when they had become furniture.”CV của tớ nói tớ làm mọi thứ; cả nhóm lịch sự hỏi từ khi nào họ biến thành đồ nội thất.
Một STAR tốt nêu đúng phần việc của mình, ghi nhận người hỗ trợ và dùng câu phức để thể hiện quan hệ—không để câu dài che nguồn.Học sáu cụm để dùng ngay
Đọc nghĩa, nghe câu mẫu, che thẻ rồi gọi lại. Không chép một từ rời 10 lần.
define the situation briefly
/dɪˈfaɪn ðə ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn ˈbriːfli/xác định ngắn gọn tình huốngDefine the situation before listing actions.
state an assigned task
/steɪt ən əˈsaɪnd tɑːsk/nêu nhiệm vụ được giaoState the task that was actually yours.
describe a specific action
/dɪˈskraɪb ə spəˈsɪfɪk ˈækʃn/mô tả một hành động cụ thểDescribe what you changed and why.
measure a limited result
/ˈmeʒər ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd rɪˈzʌlt/đo một kết quả có giới hạnMeasure a limited result from the fictional task.
acknowledge team support
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ tiːm səˈpɔːt/ghi nhận hỗ trợ của nhómAcknowledge team support instead of claiming every action.
connect ideas logically
/kəˈnekt aɪˈdɪəz ˈlɒdʒɪkli/kết nối ý theo logicConnect ideas with coordination or subordination.
Câu đơn, câu ghép, câu phức: một ý hay nhiều quan hệ
Câu đơn có một independent clause; câu ghép nối các independent clauses bằng coordinator hoặc dấu phù hợp; câu phức có một independent clause và ít nhất một dependent clause. Chọn loại câu theo quan hệ nghĩa, không theo mong muốn viết thật dài.
Khung câu
- simple: one independent clause
- compound: clause, and/but/so/yet clause
- complex: because/although/when/if + dependent clause
- avoid comma splice between two independent clauses
Câu dùng thật
I revised the sign.
The first version was unclear, so I tested a shorter one.
Because visitors repeated one question, I changed the wording.
Although I led the check, two teammates collected the responses.
Bẫy cần gỡ
Simple không có nghĩa ngắn; complex không có nghĩa tốt hơn. Không nối hai câu độc lập chỉ bằng dấu phẩy. Tránh Although...but và Because...so trong cùng cấu trúc chuẩn này.
Trọng âm câu để làm rõ Situation–Action–Result
Ưu tiên người nghe hiểu rõ. Có hai mẫu Anh–Mỹ/Anh–Anh; giọng cụ thể phụ thuộc thiết bị, còn IPA và hướng dẫn khẩu hình là chuẩn đối chiếu.
Mỗi thought group chọn một từ khóa chính. Trong STAR, nhấn thông tin mới: SITUATION, ACTION, RESULT. Khi sửa hiểu nhầm, chuyển trọng âm tương phản: I DESIGNED the form; Mai TESTED it. Không tăng âm lượng ở mọi từ.
- I DESIGNED the form — Mai TESTED it.
- The FIRST sign failed — the SHORTER sign worked.
- We changed the WORDING | because visitors repeated ONE question
Although I designed the shorter sign, my teammates tested it and recorded the result.1. Nghe không nói. 2. Nói đè theo cụm. 3. Tự ghi âm và so độ rõ.
The STAR belongs to a team
Chia giấy thành S–T–A–R–LIMIT. Đánh dấu câu đơn, ghép, phức theo chức năng trong lời kể.
- Chỉ bắt ý chính.
- Nghe thông tin cần cho nhiệm vụ.
- Mở transcript để kiểm, rồi shadow một câu.
Chỉ mở transcript sau ít nhất hai lượt nghe
In a fictional interview, Nam is asked to describe a time when he improved a group process. He begins with a heroic claim: he says that he organised everything and solved every problem. The interviewer asks him to rebuild the answer as a STAR. Nam defines the situation first. During a school book exchange, visitors were repeatedly asking where to leave different types of books. His assigned task was to improve the information at the entrance. Nam wrote a shorter sign, but he did not test it alone. Two teammates created five fictional visitor roles and recorded where each role went. Because three roles still chose the wrong desk, Nam replaced one general phrase with two specific labels. The team tested the sign again, and all five roles selected the intended desk. Nam explains the result carefully. The second simulation produced clearer choices under those test conditions; it did not prove that every real visitor would understand the sign. He also acknowledges that his teammates designed the role cards and collected the responses. The interviewer then asks what Nam has learned. He says he has learned to define his own task, test a draft and credit support. His final response uses a simple sentence for the task, a compound sentence for action and consequence, and a complex sentence for the reason behind the revision. The STAR now demonstrates collaboration and evidence instead of turning Nam into a fictional superhero.
- 1Why does Nam replace one general phrase?
- 2What does Nam acknowledge?
Hội thoại có mục đích
Mục tiêu: Kể STAR ngắn và làm rõ quyền sở hữu từng hành động.
Vai: A: người phỏng vấn • B: ứng viên giả lập
AWhat was the situation and your assigned task?
BVisitors were choosing the wrong desk, and my task was to revise the entrance sign.
AWhat action did you personally take?
BI rewrote two labels, while my teammates designed the role cards.
AWhat result did the test support?
BAll five roles chose correctly in the second simulation, although that result is not universal.
Sentence complexity should reveal responsibility
Gạch WHO DID WHAT–WHY–RESULT–SUPPORT–LIMIT. Mỗi connector phải trả lời một quan hệ thật.
A capability story becomes credible when the reader can identify the situation, assigned task, specific action and measured result. The STAR framework can provide that order, but its letters do not guarantee an honest answer. A speaker may still exaggerate the result, hide team support or use a long sentence to blur who did what. Sentence types should make responsibility clearer. A simple sentence can state the task directly: ‘I revised the entrance sign.’ A compound sentence can connect two equal events or show a consequence: ‘The first version was unclear, so I tested a shorter one.’ A complex sentence can explain reason, time, condition or contrast: ‘Because visitors repeated one question, I changed the wording.’ Complexity is useful only when the relationship is true. Two complete clauses cannot normally be joined by a comma alone, and double markers such as although...but can make the structure faulty in standard edited English. Content matters even more. If teammates designed role cards and recorded responses, the speaker should say so. ‘I led the revision, while two teammates collected the evidence’ demonstrates coordination rather than weakness. Results also require boundaries. Five successful role cards support a conclusion about one simulation; they do not prove that every future user will understand the sign. A strong reflection names what the speaker has learned and what should be tested next. It may use present perfect for the current learning and past simple for the dated example. Students should practise with fictional tasks or approved school activities, not invent achievements or disclose private records. The purpose of an interview response is not to sound superhuman. It is to help a listener understand a real contribution, its evidence, its shared context and its limit.
1What should sentence complexity do in a capability story?
2Why can acknowledging teammates strengthen an answer?
Viết STAR interview response 180–200 từ.
Viết cho người đọc thật: dựng ý, viết nháp, kiểm nghĩa rồi mới sửa hình thức.
Plan
- Situation
- Assigned task
- Own action
- Team support
- Measured result
- Limit + current learning
Model • 195 words
During a fictional school book exchange, visitors were repeatedly asking where to leave different types of books. My assigned task was to improve the information at the entrance. I drafted a shorter sign, and two teammates created five fictional visitor roles to test it. Because three roles still chose the wrong desk, I replaced one general phrase with two specific labels. My teammates then repeated the simulation and recorded each route. In the second test, all five roles selected the intended desk. This result suggests that the revised labels were clearer under those conditions, but it does not prove that every real visitor would understand them. I led the wording revision; however, I did not produce the evidence alone. The role cards and records belonged to the team. I have learned to define my responsibility, test a draft and acknowledge support instead of claiming every action. If we repeated the task, I would include more varied user roles and ask one person to explain the sign in their own words. The experience demonstrates planning, revision and collaboration in a familiar school simulation. It does not guarantee the same performance in every workplace or communication task.
Self-edit
- 180–200 từ
- Đủ S–T–A–R
- Có câu đơn–ghép–phức đúng
- Có team support và evidence limit
Luyện tập 85%–15%
17 câu bài hiện tại + 3 câu nền đã học. Không có câu dùng kiến thức của bài sau.
Cụm “define the situation briefly” có nghĩa phù hợp nhất là gì?
Cụm “state an assigned task” có nghĩa phù hợp nhất là gì?
Cụm “describe a specific action” có nghĩa phù hợp nhất là gì?
Cụm “measure a limited result” có nghĩa phù hợp nhất là gì?
Cụm “acknowledge team support” có nghĩa phù hợp nhất là gì?
Cụm “connect ideas logically” có nghĩa phù hợp nhất là gì?
Which is a simple sentence?
Choose the correctly formed compound sentence.
Choose the correctly formed complex sentence.
Which sentence avoids a comma splice?
Which stress corrects the false idea that the speaker tested the form?
What should each thought group normally have?
Why can a speaker pause before because?
Why does Nam replace one general phrase?
What does Nam acknowledge?
What should sentence complexity do in a capability story?
Why can acknowledging teammates strengthen an answer?
While the team ___ role cards, Nam revised the sign.
Nam ___ two revised signs so far.
Which statement credits support accurately?
Gợi mở, không nói hộ
Cho con kể một việc nhỏ theo năm ô S–T–A–R–LIMIT. Đừng sửa mọi lỗi; trước hết hỏi ‘phần nào con làm, phần nào nhóm hỗ trợ?’.
Dạy để giao tiếp có căn cứ
Chấm sentence relationship và ownership trước số lượng cấu trúc. Không khuyến khích bịa thành tích; dùng nhiệm vụ hư cấu hoặc hoạt động đã được phép công khai.
CHƯƠNG 1Graduation and work